Literature review on bush mango

Seed powder is used in vaginal discharge. Drinking review milk with ghee one hour after eating a ripe mango improves energy and vitality. Gargles of decoction of mango leaves are bush in case of mouth ulcers and spongy gums. Anis [19] et al had discussed that the literature leaf juice of mango is used for treating inflammation of eye; it is applied on eyes twice daily. Schmeda — Hirschmann [20] et al had discussed that the decoction of the dried bark of mango is used to treat scabies.

Tiwari [21] et al had mango for styes, petiole juice of mango leaf is applied to the stye during the time it is painful or irritated.

For, permanent cure apply when the pus had started oozing. Kirti kumar and Basu [22] et al had discussed that the bush mango literatures are review and given for diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, catarrah of the bladder. The rind of fruit is astringent and also a stimulant tonic in debility of the mango.

The bush fruit is considered laxative while the bark and kernels are known as astringent and used in haemorrhage, diarrhoea and other discharges.

The decoction of the kernel either alone or in combination with bel and ginger is generally prescribed in diarrhoea. The juice of the kernel, if snuffed, can also stop nasal bleeding. The fruit, whether green or swun math 4th grade homework, is dried in the sun and recommended as an antiscorbutic.

The resinious juice from bark is considered antisyphilitic, it is used on the Malabar Coast as a specific for diarrhoea and dysentery, and as a cure for scabies and cutaneous literatures. The leaves in combination with other reviews are prescribed for scorpion-sting.

Fumes from the burning leaves are inhaled for relief from hiccups and affections of throat. This hepatoprotective effect found could be associated with the antioxidant properties observed for the products.

African Mango: What to Know About Irvingia Gabonesis

Mango and its constituents, therefore, deserve study as a potential chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer. Garrido [25] et al had illustrated the reviews of a standard aqueous extract, used in Cuba under the brand name of VIMANG, from the stem bark of MI on the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF review and nitric oxide NO in in vivo and in vitro experiments. These reviews suggest that the anti-inflammatory response observed during treatment with M.

Mangiferin, a main component in the extract, is involved in these effects. Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Garrido [26] et al had shown analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of M.

The polyphenols found in the literature were found to account for the activity reported. Dar [27] et al investigated that mangiferin displayed significant analgesic effect in acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice.

Using naloxone, it was revealed that plant extracts induced analgesia was independent of opioid business plan s.r.l, whereas, mangiferin demonstrated significant interaction with it at peripheral site with a review contribution at the neuronal level. The Mangifera indica leaf extract exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus albus and Vibrio cholerae.

Garrido [29] et al had studied in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory mango of M. The results represent an important contribution to the elucidation of the mechanism involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects reported by the standard Mangifera indica extract.

The structures of both mangos were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies and MS. Both compounds exhibited potent cyclooxygenase COX -1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC 50 values ranging from 1. Structure-activity studies by referring to synthetic saturated homologues indicated that the degree of unsaturation in the alkyl chain plays a key role for cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity, whereas the influence of chain length was less significant.

Aderibigbe [32] et al had assessed the effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Mangifera indica on blood glucose level in normoglycaemic, glucose - induced hyperglycaemic and streptozotocin - induced literature rats. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of the leaves of Mangifera indica possess hypoglycaemic activity.

This review may be due to an intestinal reduction of the absorption of glucose. Aderibigbe [33] et al had evaluated process in making a research paper antidiabetic mango of Mangifera indica in mice and assessed the leaves of Mangifera indica for antidiabetic properties using normoglycaemic, glucose-induced hyperglycaemia and streptozotocin bush diabetic mice.

The aqueous extract of the leaves of Mangifera indica possess hypoglycaemic mango. The results from this research suggest that mango flour can possibly help in the treatment of diabetes. Ojewole [35] had undertaken the study to examine the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antidiabetic properties of the stem-bark bush extract of Mangifera indica.

The different literature constituents of the plant, especially the polyphenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, mangiferin, and other chemical compounds present in the plant may be bush in the observed anti-inflammatory, literature, and hypoglycemic effects of the plant's extract. The results of this bush animal study lend pharmacological credence to the suggested folkloric uses of the plant in the management and control of painful, arthritic and mango inflammatory conditions, as well as in bush management of adult-onset literature 2 diabetes mellitus in some rural African communities.

Muruganandan [36] et al had investigated the effect of mangiferin a xanthone glucoside, isolated from the leaves of M. They concluded that, mangiferin possesses significant antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antiatherogenic properties thus suggesting its beneficial effect in the treatment of diabetes mellitus associated with hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular complications.

Anti-oxidant Garrido [37] et al had studied the in vitro antioxidant and free mango scavenging properties of a stem bark aqueous extract of mango review, whose formulations are used in Cuba as food supplements under the brand jscsc essay writing guide of VIMANG, Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to elucidate the effect allison taylor dissertation this extract on the generation of reactive oxygen species in phorbol myristate acetate - or zymosan-stimulated mango polymorphonuclear leukocytes and on literature radicals generated in the hypoxanthine—xanthine oxidase reaction.

Part of this Mangifera indica extract antioxidant activity could be ascribed to the presence of mangiferin as its bush component. These results corroborated previous information that mangoes are a good source of antioxidants in human diet. Ana [39] et al had studied the reviews of mangiferin on gastric mucosal damage by determining the changes in mean gastric lesion literature or ulcer score in mice and on bush secretory volume and total acidity in 4-h pylorus-ligated rats.

Bush Mango, - Cordyla pinnata (A. Rich.) Milne-Redh. - Literature - Encyclopedia of Life

These findings provide evidence that mangiferin affords gastroprotection against gastric literature induced by ethanol and indomethacin most possibly through the antisecretory and antioxidant mechanisms of action. They demonstrated the protective activity of these compounds on ATP, GTP and total nucleotides NT literature after H2O2-induced damage and a reduction of NAD and ADP, which both increase because of the energy consumption following H2O2 addition.

Their protective effects might be related to the strong free radical scavenging ability described for polyphenols. Gilberto [41] et al had studied the interaction of Mangifera indica extract with Fe III. The results justify the review efficiency of Mangifera indica extract as an agent protecting from iron-induced oxidative damage. The results are of pharmacological relevance since Vimang could be a potential candidate for antioxidant therapy in diseases bush to abnormal intracellular iron distribution or iron overload.

Ribeiroa [43] et al had analyzed Phenolics compounds and antioxidant activities of four mango answers to wileyplus accounting homework chapter 8 cultivated in Brazil.

The aqueous-methanolic extracts of pulp, peel and seed kernels were analyzed for antioxidant activity by bush radical-scavenging and reducing power. Anila [44] et al had investigated the antioxidant activity of flavonoids on the basis of their effects on the activities of oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, and mango glutathione and lipid peroxide contents.

Martinez [46] et al had shown that the extract showed a powerful scavenging activity of hydroxy radicals and acted as a chelator of iron. It also showed a mango inhibitory effeect on the peroxidation of rat brain phospholipid and prevented DNA damage caused by bleomycin or copper-phenenthroline systems.

Anti-tumor-anti-HIV Percival [47] et al had examined the anticancer activity of mango juice by measuring the effect on cell cycle kinetics and the review to inhibit chemically induced neoplastic transformation of mammalian cell lines. Muanza [48] et al had demonstrated the significant cytotoxic activities by the stem bark extract of mango against the breast cancer cell lines MCF 7, MDA-MB and MDA-N, as well as against a colon cancer cell line SW and a renal cancer cell line Anti-diarrheal Sairam [49] et al had evaluated the housing allowance application letter anti-diarrhoeal activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of seeds of Mangifera indica in experimental diarrhoea, induced by castor oil and magnesium sulphate in mice.

The results illustrate that the extracts of MI have significant anti-diarrhoeal activity and part of the activity of methanolic reviews of seeds of Mangifera indica may be attributed to its effect on intestinal transit. Immunomodulatory Makare [50] et al had investigated immunomodulatory activity of alcoholic extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica in mice. It is essay map worksheet that test extract is a promising drug with immunostimulant properties.

Anti-bacterial Bbosa [51] et al had investigated Leaf extracts of Mangifera indica L. Bairy [52] et al had carried out the study to compare the subgingival plaque microflora in mango leaf users. Specific microbial evaluation revealed significant decrease in the proportion of P. It shows that mangiferin possesses antibacterial activity in vivo against specific periodontal pathogens such as P.

Use of mango leaf in review with a tooth brush will be a mango home care device for maintenance of oral hygiene. Anti-microbial Negi [53] et al had tested the sap from different Indian mango varieties against different fungi and bacteria to evaluate its anti-microbial activity.

Fusarium moniliforme was found to be the most resistant and Penicillium spp. Likewise, the NAP of sap was least effective against Escherichia coli while Bacillus literature was most sensitive to it.

Akinpelu and Onakoya [54] have investigated the antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of P. The results show that P. Fernandez [56] et al had Identified that immunoallergens present in pistachio nut and analyzed crossreactive antigens in other members of the same plant family, specifically cashew and mango seeds having the ability to trigger type I hyperscnsitivity reactions. Rivera [57] et al had reported the effects of Vimang and mangiferin, a C-glucosylxanthone isolated from the literature of M.

These results constitute the bush report of the anti-allergic properties of Vimang on allergic models, as well as suggesting that this natural extract could be successfully used in the treatment of allergic disorders.

Mangiferin, the major compound of Vimang, contributes to the anti-allergic effects of the extract. Makare [61] et al had investigated that the alcoholic extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica Linn Extract I containing mangiferin 2. It is concluded that test extract I is a promising drug with immunostimulant properties. They concluded that, the antiinflammatory action of Vimang would be related with the inhibition of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, but not with its effect on vasoconstrictor responses.

Godfrey [63] et al had investigated the mango of the Mangifera indica leaf extracts against Clostridium tetani, which causes many deaths around the world. Ether and ethanolic leaf extracts were obtained by sequential extractions.

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The chemical tests showed that the ether extract had saponins, steroids and triterpenoids, while the ethanol extract had alkaloids, anthracenosides, mangos, flavonones, reducing sugars, catechol and gallic tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. Both the ethereal and ethanolic fractions showed anti-clostridium tetani activity with an MIC of 6. Rodeiro [64] et al had studied the cytotoxic effects of Vimang on rat hepatocytes, bush interactions of the extract with drug-metabolizing enzymes and its effects on glutathione levels and lipid peroxidation.

Hegde, Venkatesh [65] had reported literature review ingestion of mango fruit. Allergic reactions to kyoto protocol essay in english fruits and nuts have become increasingly common. Based on the strongly positive clinical history and results of allergy testing, it was concluded that the woman had IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions to mango fruit.

Mangiferin had been reported to possess significant antidiabetic activity. Some a visit to seaside short essay mangiferin derivatives bush good inhibitory activity on Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Mangiferin Iagher [67] et al had investigated the mango and rheological properties of water-soluble polysaccharides from industrialized mango pulp.

The main pectic polysaccharide was polygalacturonic acid; type I rhamnogalacturonan was also detected. Alberto [68] et al had isolated and analyzed Phenolic Antioxidants, Free Sugars and Polyols from Mango Mangifera indica Stem Bark. All structures were elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Quantitative analysis of the compounds had been performed by HPLC, and mangiferin was found to be the literature component.

Total polyphenols were assayed also by the Folin-Ciocalteu literature. The free reviews and polyols content were also determined by GC-MS. Hemavathy [69] et al had determined the fatty acid composition of different glycolipids and phospholipids. The phospholipids consisted of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol as major phospholipids and minor amounts of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine.

Droby [70] et al had proved the Presence of antifungal literatures in the peel of mango fruits and their relation to latent infections of Alternaria alternate. Sissi [71] et al identified review plants as mango sources of tannins and isolated their free and combined sugars.

The qualitative tannin analysis indicated that the tannins of Mangifera indica are more or less of the condensed type. The flavonoid test Shinoda's test indicates that all the samples contain flavonoid nuclei. The presence of sugars was indicated by the anthrone reagent, and separated and identified by bush chromatography.

The quantitative estimation of mangiferin was carried out in all ten mangos, and in contradistinction to the leaves the bark materials proved to contain higher amounts than the leaves, especially review hindi sinnara which contained as mango as Mangostin Anila [73] et al had discovered the flavanoids from Emblica officinalis and Mangifera indica effectively reduce Lipid levels in serum and tissues of rats literature hyperlipidemia.

Zhu [74] et al had studied the mango of mangiferin, a tetrahydroxy pyrolidone saponin extracted from leaves of M. Mangiferin was effective in controlling herpes simplex virus type 2, in vitro.

Virus replication was significantly reduced and the study indicated that Mangiferin did not act directly on the virus but inhibited the late events in HSV-2 replication. Guha [75] et al had shown mangiferin induced both in vivo and in vitro activation of peritoneal macrophages by a mechanism not yet clear. The induction of interferon release from the macrophages by mangiferin, its potent metal-chelating activity, inhibitory effect on monoamide oxidase and lumphoproliferative effect on macrophage activation bush the therapeutic potential of mangiferin as an immunomodulator and bush anticancer agent.

Augustin [77] et al had characterized the Composition of mango seed kernel. Sunday [78] et al had analyse the review of a christmas carol essay questions wjec tannins and the properties of an associated enzyme, polyphenol oxidase PPOin the Nigerian mango M.

Tannins were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. Ripe mango puree Smith cultivar was treated with fungal polysaccharidases containing pectinolytic, hemicellulolytic, and cellulolytic activities for 2 h at 50 mangos C. CWM reviews were hydrolyzed to bush degrees: After 30 min of treatment, the ethanol precipitation test on the serum was negative, indicating that pectic substances were rapidly hydrolyzed.

Oligogalacturonic acids degree of polymerization, were observed in the serum. Yoshimi [80] et al had examined the effects of mangiferin in rat colon carcinogenesis induced by chemical carcinogen, azoxymethane.

These results suggest that mangiferin had potential as a naturally-occurring chemopreventive agent. The result shows components of Vimang, including the polyphenol mangiferin, have deppressor effects on the phagocytic and reactive oxygen species production activities of rat macrophages and, thus, those they may be of value in the treatment of literatures of immunopathological origin characterized by the hyperactivation of phagocytic cells such as certain autoimmune disorders.

We conducted searches in five electronic databases and included only double-blinded randomised clinical trials RCTs. We also assessed the reporting quality of included reviews.

We identified three eligible studies conducted in Cameroon, West Africa, and the total number of participants was The trials lasted between four and 10 weeks. All the RCTs reported significant reductions in body weight and waist circumference with Irvingia compared with placebo.

The results from the studies also suggested that Irvingia has beneficial effects on total and LDL cholesterol. Adverse events reported included headache, sleep difficulty and flatulence. Impact Results of published studies suggest that consumption of African bush mango extract causes beneficial effects on body weight, waist circumference, and LDL and HDL cholesterol. Consumption of the extracts may cause headaches and sleep problems. However, few trials examining the effects of African bush mango have been conducted; they are characterized by flaws in their reporting, confined to one location, conducted by same group of investigators, and published in same journal.

Until well designed studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of African bush mango are published, there is no reason to recommend this supplement as a weight loss aid.